Englische Grammatik: Zeitformen, Adjektive und Regeln

Englisch Grammatikübersicht (Inglés Final)

Past Simple

Affirmative: Subjekt (Persona) + Verb-ed (oder unregelmäßige Form)
Negative: Subjekt + didn't + Verb
Interrogative: Did + Subjekt + Verb?

Past Continuous

Affirmative:
I / he / she / it + was + Verb-ing
You / we / they + were + Verb-ing

Negative:
I / he / she / it + wasn't + Verb-ing
You / we / they + weren't + Verb-ing

Interrogative:
Was + I / he / she / it + Verb-ing ...?
Were + you / we / they + Verb-ing ...?

Past Perfect

Affirmative: Subjekt + had + Past Participle (Partizip)
Negative: Subjekt + hadn't + Past Participle
Interrogative: Had + Subjekt + Past Participle?

Present Simple

Affirmative:
I / you / we / they + Verb
He / she / it + Verb mit -s

Negative:
I / you / we / they + don't + Verb
He / she / it + doesn't + Verb

Interrogative:
Do + I / you / we / they + Verb?
Does + he / she / it + Verb?

Present Continuous

Affirmative:
I + am + Verb-ing
He / she / it + is + Verb-ing
You / we / they + are + Verb-ing

Negative:
I + am not + Verb-ing
He / she / it + isn't + Verb-ing
You / we / they + aren't + Verb-ing

Interrogative:
Am + I + Verb-ing?
Is + he / she / it + Verb-ing?
Are + you / we / they + Verb-ing?

Present Perfect

Affirmative:
I / you / we / they + have + Past Participle (Partizip)
He / she / it + has + Past Participle

Negative:
I / you / we / they + haven't + Past Participle
He / she / it + hasn't + Past Participle

Interrogative:
Have + I / you / we / they + Past Participle?
Has + he / she / it + Past Participle?

Future: Will

Will + Verb

Going to Future

Affirmative: I am / you-we-they are / he-she-it is + going to + Verb
Negative: I am not / you-we-they aren't / he-she-it isn't + going to + Verb

Past Perfect & Past Simple

El Past Perfect se usa para la acción más lejana en el tiempo y el Past Simple para la más cercana.

Beispiel: Cuando llegué al restaurante, lo habían cerrado.
("llegué" = Past Simple | "habían cerrado" = Past Perfect)

Used To

Affirmative: Subjekt + used to + Verb
Negative: Subjekt + didn't use to + Verb
Interrogative: Did + Subjekt + use to + Verb ...?

Adjektive: Formierung und Reihenfolge

Reihenfolge: Opinion (Meinung) – Size / Age / Shape (Größe / Alter / Form) – Colour (Farbe) – Material – Noun (Substantiv)

Beispiel: Lovely short black wool skirt

• Endung -ing: Beschreibt Eigenschaften von Personen und Dingen.
• Endung -ed: Beschreibt Gefühle und Empfindungen.

Adverbien: Verwendung und Satzstellung

Satzstellung: Subjekt – Häufigkeit (How often?) – Verb – Art und Weise (How?) – Ort (Where?) – Zeit (When?)

Beispiel: I often come patiently here on Friday.

Bildung: Adjektiv + -ly = Adverb (z. B. perfect + ly = perfectly)

Komparation (Vergleiche)

• Komparativ: Adjektiv + -er (oder more)
• Superlativ: the + Adjektiv + -est (oder most)

Zählbare und unzählbare Nomen

Zählbare Nomen (Countables)

• Affirmative: some / a lot of / a few
• Negative: any / many
• Interrogative: any / many

Unzählbare Nomen (Uncountables)

• Affirmative: some / a lot of / a little
• Negative: any / much
• Interrogative: any / much