Englische Grammatik: Konditionalsätze, Passiv und Indirekte Rede

Englische Grammatikregeln

Konditionalsätze (Conditional Sentences)

1. Conditional (Typ I): If + Simple Present -> Future Simple / can / could / Imperativ.

• Beispiele: Wenn Sie Linkshänder sind, werden Sie mit vielen Nachteilen konfrontiert sein (If you are left-handed, you will face many disadvantages).
• You will get to know a lot of people if you travel abroad.
• If she is free tomorrow, she can/could go to the concert too.

2. Conditional (Typ II): If + Past Simple -> would + Grundform / could / might.

• Beispiele: Wenn wir genug Geld gehabt hätten, hätten wir ein neues Auto gekauft (If we had enough money, we would buy a new car).
• You could earn more this year if you studied harder.

3. Conditional (Typ III): If + Past Perfect -> would have + Past Participle / could have.

• Beispiele: Wenn ich meine Eltern angerufen hätte, wären sie nicht besorgt gewesen (If I had called my parents, they wouldn't have been worried).
• He could/might have visited her if he had known she was ill.

Die Passivstimme (Passive Voice)

• Present Simple: (Aktiv) NASA studies other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets are studied by NASA.
• Past Simple: (Aktiv) NASA studied other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets were studied by NASA.
• Future Simple: (Aktiv) NASA will study other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets will be studied by NASA.
• Modalverben: (Aktiv) NASA should study other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets should be studied.
• Present Continuous: (Aktiv) NASA is studying other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets are being studied by NASA.
• Past Continuous: (Aktiv) NASA was studying other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets were being studied by NASA.
• Present Perfect Simple: (Aktiv) NASA has studied other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets have been studied by NASA.
• Past Perfect Simple: (Aktiv) NASA had studied other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets had been studied by NASA.
• Modals Perfect: (Aktiv) NASA must have studied other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets must have been studied.
• Have to: (Aktiv) NASA has to study other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets have to be studied by NASA.
• Going to: (Aktiv) NASA is going to study other planets -> (Passiv) Other planets are going to be studied by NASA.

Indirekte Rede (Reported Speech)

• Present Simple: Sie sagte, dass er als Polizist arbeitete (He works -> He worked).
• Past Simple: Sie sagte, dass er als Polizist gearbeitet hatte (He worked -> He had worked).
• Future Simple: Sie sagte, dass er als Polizist arbeiten würde (He will work -> He would work).
• Present Continuous: Sie sagte, dass er als Polizist arbeite (He is working -> He was working).
• Past Continuous: Sie sagte, dass er gearbeitet hatte (He was working -> He had been working).
• Future Continuous: Sie sagte, dass er arbeiten würde (He will be working -> He would be working).
• Present Perfect Simple: Sie sagte, dass er gearbeitet hatte (He has worked -> He had worked).
• Past Perfect Simple: Sie sagte, dass er gearbeitet hatte (He had worked -> He had worked).
• Future Perfect: Sie sagte, dass er als Polizist gearbeitet haben würde (He will have worked -> He would have worked).